Nā Pono ʻenehana no nā mika kahe uila: Ke hōʻoia nei i ka pololei a me ka hilinaʻi

1. Nā Kūlana Hana Ana

1.1 Pololei a me ka Hana Hou ʻana

• Pololei Maʻamau:Nā EMFpono e hoʻokō i ka ±0.5% a i ka ±1% o ka nui o ke kahe i ana ʻia ma waena o ka pae hana, me nā hiʻohiʻona premium e hāʻawi ana i ka pololei ±0.2%. Pono e hōʻoia ʻia kēia ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau (e laʻa, ISO 9104 no ke ana ʻana o ke kahe wai).
• Hana hou ʻia: ʻAʻole pono e ʻoi aku nā ʻokoʻa o nā ana i hana hou ʻia ma mua o ±0.1% o ka nui o ke kahe e hōʻoia i ke kūlike i nā kaʻina hana koʻikoʻi e like me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā kemika a i ʻole ka bila wai.

1.2 Ka Pae o ke Kahe a me ka Lākiō Hoʻohuli

• Ka Pae Holo: Hiki ke ana i nā wikiwiki o ke kahe ʻana mai 0.1 m/s (nā noi kahe haʻahaʻa e like me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokolohua) a i 15 m/s (nā paipu ʻoihana wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe).
• Lākiō Hoʻohuli: ʻO ka liʻiliʻi he 20:1 ka lākiō (e laʻa, ke ana ʻana he 0.5–10 m/s) ka mea maʻamau, me nā hiʻohiʻona holomua e hāʻawi ana a hiki i ka 100:1 no nā noi ākea.

1.3 Ka Hoʻokele Wai

• Ka Haʻawina Haʻahaʻa Loa: Pono ka wai e loaʻa kahi conductivity ≥5 μS/cm (no nā wai wai) e hoʻoulu ai i kahi ikaika electromotive hiki ke ana ʻia (EMF). No nā wai conductivity haʻahaʻa (e laʻa, wai deionized), pono paha nā electrodes kūikawā a me nā amplifiers (≥0.5 μS/cm).
• Ke kūpaʻa o ka conductivity: ʻO nā loli wikiwiki i ka conductivity (e laʻa, ma muli o ke kāwili ʻana o nā kemika) hiki ke hana i ka neʻe ʻana o ke ana, e pono ai nā algorithms uku i kūkulu ʻia.

2. Nā Koina Kaiapuni a me ka Hana

2.1 Nā Loiloi Mahana a me ke Kaomi

• Mahana Wai:
  • Kūlana maʻamau: -20°C a i 120°C (e laʻa, no ka wai a me ka wai hoʻoneoneo).
  • Wela kiʻekiʻe: A hiki i 200°C (me nā liner kūikawā e like me ka PTFE a i ʻole ka seramika no nā kaʻina hana ʻoihana).
• Kaomi o ka Paipu:
  • Kaomi haʻahaʻa: ≤1.6 MPa (mea maʻamau i nā ʻōnaehana kūlanakauhale).
  • Kaomi kiʻekiʻe: A hiki i ka 40 MPa (no nā noi aila a me ke kinoea a i ʻole ka hydraulic), e koi ana i nā hoʻolālā flange paʻa a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke kaomi e like me ASME B16.5.

2.2Uila MalekikaHoʻohālikelike (EMC)

• Pono e hoʻokō i nā kūlana EMC (e laʻa, IEC 61326-1) e pale aku i nā mea hoʻopilikia mai nā motika, nā mea hoʻololi uila, a i ʻole nā ​​kumu alapine lekiō (RF). He mea nui nā kaula pale a me nā hale i hoʻopuni ʻia no ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka walaʻau.

2.3 Ke kū'ē ʻana i ka pahū a me ka palaho

• Palekana Pahū: Ma nā wahi weliweli (e laʻa me nā hale hana petrochemical),EMFPono nā mea hoʻolako e hoʻokō i nā palapala hōʻoia e like me ATEX, IECEx, a i ʻole NEC 500 no nā hoʻolālā palekana kūloko (IS) a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​hoʻolālā pale ahi.
• Ke Kū'ē ʻana i ka ʻAi ʻAna: Pono nā ʻāpana pulu (nā electrodes a me nā liners) e kū i nā wai hoʻonāukiuki:
  • Nā Laina: PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) no ke kūpaʻa kemika, polyurethane no ka abrasion (e laʻa, nā slurries), a i ʻole ka seramika no nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe/abrasive.
  • Nā Electrodes: Nā mea e like me ke kila kila 316L, Hastelloy C, a i ʻole tantalum no nā wai i maʻalahi i ka pala (e like me ka wai kai, nā waikawa).

3. Nā Pono Hoʻokomo a me ka Paipu

3.1 Nā Holo Paipu Pololei

• I luna: Ma ka liʻiliʻi he 5–10 anawaena paipu o ka paipu pololei ma mua o ka mika e hōʻoia i ke kahe piha ʻana, e hōʻemi ana i ka haunaele mai nā kuʻekuʻe lima, nā kiwikā, a i ʻole nā ​​​​tee.
• I lalo: 2–5 anawaena paipu o ka paipu pololei ma hope o ka mika e pale aku ai i nā haunaele o ke kahe hope.

3.2 Kūlana Hoʻokomo

• Hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao pālahalaha, kū pololei, a i ʻole hiolo, akā ʻoi aku ka makemake o ke kau ʻana kū pololei (me ke kahe ʻana i luna) no nā wai me nā mea paʻa e pale ai i ka sedimentation.
• No nā kahe ʻelua pae kinoea-wai, he mea nui ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka ea kūpono e pale aku ai i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā pehu i loko o ka paipu ana.

3.3 Hoʻomoe Uila

• Pono e hoʻokomo ʻia kahi apo honua a i ʻole electrode e hoʻopau i nā ʻokoʻa hiki ke loaʻa ma waena o ka wai a me ka mika, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka pololeiEMFana. He mea nui loa kēia i nā paipu ʻaʻole alakaʻi (e laʻa, PVC).

4. Ka Hoʻopuka Hōʻailona a me ka Hoʻohui Kikohoʻe

4.1 Nā Hōʻailona Analog a me Digital

• Analog: 4–20 mA output (kaʻawale) me ka ≤0.1% linearity error, kūpono no nā ʻōnaehana kaohi hoʻoilina.
• Kikohoʻe: MODBUS RTU/TCP, HART, a i ʻole Profibus DP no ka hoʻoili ʻikepili manawa maoli, e hiki ai ke hoʻohui pū me nā ʻōnaehana SCADA a i ʻole nā ​​kahua IoT e pili ana i ke ao.

4.2 Ka Hoʻopaʻa ʻIkepili a me nā Diagnostics

• Hoʻomanaʻo i kūkulu ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻikepili kahe, nā hanana alarm, a me nā ʻano diagnostic (e laʻa, ka uhi ʻana o ka electrode, ka ʻaʻahu liner). Hāʻawi nā hiʻohiʻona holomua i nā leka hoʻomaopopo mālama wānana ma o ka pilina uea ʻole (e laʻa, Bluetooth, 4G).

5. Ka hoʻoponopono a me ka hōʻoia

5.1 Nā Kūlana Hoʻoponopono

• Ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka hale hana e kūʻē i nā kūlana hiki ke hahai ʻia (e laʻa, nā keʻena hoʻokolohua i ʻae ʻia e ISO 17025) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wai kuhikuhi (ʻo ka wai maʻamau). Pono paha ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ke kahua i ka lawe limakahenā mea hōʻoia a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻano hoʻohālikelike.
• No nā noi hoʻoili mālama (e laʻa, ke kālepa wai), pono nā mika e hoʻoponopono pinepine ʻia (e laʻa, i kēlā me kēia makahiki) a kūlike me nā kūlana metrology kānāwai (e laʻa, OIML R49, MID ma ka EU).

5.2 Nā Palapala Hōʻoia ʻOihana

• Wai Kūlanakauhale: NSF/ANSI 61 no nā mea e pili ana i ka wai inu.
• Mea ʻAi a me ka Mea Inu: 3-A Nā Kūlana Sanitary a i ʻole EHEDG no nā hoʻolālā maʻemaʻe (nā liner laumania, nā electrodes ʻaʻohe crevice).
• ʻOihana: Palapala hōʻoia CSA, CE, a i ʻole UL no ka palekana a me ka hana ma nā mākeke i manaʻo ʻia.

6. Hilinaʻi a me ka Mālama ʻana

6.1 Paʻa Lōʻihi

• ʻAʻole pono ka ʻauʻau ʻana i ka manawa ma mua o ±0.2% o ka unahi piha i kēlā me kēia makahiki, i kākoʻo ʻia e ka uku mahana a me nā hana auto-zero e pale aku i ka polarization electrode.
• MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures): ≥100,000 hola no nā ʻāpana uila, me nā ʻāpana hiki ke pani ʻia (e laʻa, nā pila i loko o nā mea hoʻoili i hoʻohana ʻia e ka pila) i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka lawelawe maʻalahi ʻana i ke kahua.

6.2 Hoʻolālā Anti-Fouling

• No nā wai pipili a scaling paha (e like me ka wai hoʻoneoneo), nā hiʻohiʻona e like me ka pulsed excitation, ka palaki ʻana o ka electrode, a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ultrasonic e hōʻemi ana i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a mālama i ka pono o ke ana.

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