I. Hoʻololi ʻAno Waena

1. Nā Kūlana Hana Wai

• Kūpono no nā wai maʻemaʻe, haʻahaʻa ka mānoanoa, nā wai hoʻokahi pae e like me ka wai paipa, ka wai e kaʻapuni ana i nā ʻoihana, ka ʻaila, ka diesel, ka methanol, ka ethanol, a me ka ethylene glycol.
• Pono ka helu Reynolds o ka medium i Re > 2000 (ka nui o ke kahe ʻana o ka wai waena a kiʻekiʻe). Pono e pale ʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wai kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa, ka ʻaila kaumaha, ka ʻaila lubricating), no ka mea, e hoʻoulu lākou i ka hana vortex paʻa ʻole a me ka hōʻemi nui ʻana o ka pololei.

2. Nā Kūlana Hana Kinoea

• Kūpono no nā kinoea maloʻo a maʻemaʻe e like me ke kinoea kūlohelohe, ka ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ka naikokene, ka oxygen, ke kalapona ʻokikene, a me ke kinoea umu pahū (pono e kānana ʻia nā mea haumia).
• Hiki ke hoʻokō i nā koi ana o nā kinoea mahana maʻamau a me nā kinoea mahana waena a kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa, ka nānā ʻana i ke kinoea flue). Pono e uku ʻia ka makaʻala i ke kaomi kinoea paʻa e pale aku i nā loli koʻikoʻi e hoʻopilikia ana i nā hopena ana.

3. Nā Kūlana Hana Mahu

• He hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi kēia no nā mika kahe vortex, kūpono loa no ke ana ʻana o ka mahu saturated a me ka mahu superheated, e like me ka mahu paila i nā mea kanu mana, ka mahu hana i nā mea kanu kemika, a me ka mahu i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomehana.
• Hiki ke kū i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe (maʻamau ka mahana ≤ 400 ℃, kaomi ≤ 16MPa) me ka pohō haʻahaʻa, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu pipeline.

II. Nā Kūlana Hana o ka Paipu a me ke Kau ʻana

1. Nā Koina Anawaena Paipu

• Kūpono no nā anawaena paipu waena a nui me DN ≥ 25mm (ʻo DN25 ~ DN3000 maʻamau). Haʻahaʻa ka pololei o ke ana ʻana no nā anawaena paipu liʻiliʻi (DN < 25mm) a ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia.
• Kākoʻo i ke kau ʻana ma ke ʻano moe, kū pololei, a i ʻole hilig, akā pono e hōʻoia i ke kahe piha o ka paipu no nā wai a i ʻole ke kahe like no nā kinoea/mahu e pale aku ai i nā paipu hakahaka a i ʻole ke kahe ʻelua-pae kinoea-wai.

2. Nā Pono o ka ʻĀpana Paipu Pololei

• Pono e hoʻokō i nā koi lōʻihi o nā ʻāpana paipu pololei ma mua a ma hope o ka mika: maʻamau, ma uka ≥ 10 manawa o ke anawaena paipu a ma lalo ≥ 5 manawa o ke anawaena paipu (i ka wā ʻaʻohe ʻāpana keakea). Inā loaʻa nā kiwikā a i ʻole nā ​​kuʻekuʻe lima, pono e hoʻonui ʻia ka lōʻihi o ka ʻāpana paipu pololei (e laʻa, ma uka ≥ 20 manawa o ke anawaena paipu) e hōʻoia i kahi kahua kahe wai paʻa.

III. Nā Kūlana Hana Kaiapuni a me ke Kaʻina Hana

1. Mahana a me ke kaomi

• Pae mahana: -40℃~400℃ (nā kumu hoʻohālike maʻamau); hiki i kekahi mau kumu hoʻohālike wela kiʻekiʻe ke kū i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa, 550℃).
• Pae kaomi: 0~16MPa (nā kumu hoʻohālike maʻamau); hiki i nā kumu hoʻohālike kaomi kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻokō i nā kūlana hana me ke kaomi ≤ 40MPa (e laʻa, nā wai kaomi kiʻekiʻe i nā kahua aila).

2. Nā Koina Kaiapuni

• He kūpono no nā wahi ʻoihana maʻamau e like me nā hale hana petrochemical, mana, a me nā hale hana metallurgical. Inā he haʻalulu ikaika ke kaiapuni (e laʻa, kokoke i nā pamu), pono e hoʻokomo i nā mea hoʻēmi haʻalulu; a i ʻole, e hoʻopilikia ka haʻalulu i ka ʻike ʻana i ka vortex a hoʻoulu i ka ʻikepili.
• Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā hiʻohiʻona pale pahū (pono nā mea ʻike pale pahū), e like me nā wahi lapalapa a pahū i nā kahua aila a me nā mea kanu kemika.

IV. Hoʻololi i nā Koina Mana Kaʻina Hana

1. Ka Pae Kahe

• Loaʻa iā ia kahi lakio hoʻohuli ākea (1:10 ~ 1:30), kūpono no nā kūlana hana me nā loli kahe nui, e like me ke ana ʻana o ka hānai ʻana i nā reactors kemika a me ke ana ʻana o ke kahe mahu i ka wā o nā loli ukana i nā mea kanu mana.

2. Ka Hoʻopuka Hōʻailona a me ka Hoʻohui ʻana

• Kākoʻo i nā hoʻopuka hōʻailona e like me 4-20mA, pulse, HART, a me RS485, a hiki ke hoʻopili pololei ʻia i nā ʻōnaehana PLC a me DCS e hoʻokō i nā pono o ka nānā mamao a me ka mana hoʻomalu, e like me ke kaohi kahe ʻana o ka loop pani ma nā laina hana ʻoihana.

V. Nā Kūlana Hana e Pale aku ai

1. Kiʻekiʻe ka mānoanoa (kinematic viscosity > 10mm²/s), kiʻekiʻe ka ʻike paʻa (ʻike ʻāpana paʻa > 1%), maʻalahi ke hoʻomālamalama ʻia, a maʻalahi hoʻi ke hoʻonui ʻana i ka pāpaho.
2. Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka nui o ke kahe haʻahaʻa (helu Reynolds Re < 2000) a me ke anawaena paipu liʻiliʻi (DN < 25mm).
3. Ke kahe ʻelua-paepae kinoea-wai a i ʻole ke kahe ʻelua-paepae wai-paʻa (e laʻa, wai me nā pehu, wai ʻino e loaʻa ana ka nui o nā haumia).
4. Nā wahi me ka haʻalulu ikaika a i ʻole ke komo ʻana o ka electromagnetic ikaika (me ka ʻole o nā hana pale).