I ka wai o kēia auʻāina ana, ʻo nā mika wai electromagnetic a me nā mika wai ultrasonic e kū nei ma ke ʻano he ʻelua mau ʻenehana maʻamau a holomua. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻano kona mau ʻano ponoʻī, i loaʻa mai kā lākou mau loina hana like ʻole. He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau ʻokoʻa no nā pono wai, nā mea hoʻohana ʻoihana, a me nā mea kuleana ʻē aʻe e hana i nā hoʻoholo naʻauao i ke koho ʻana i ka hopena ana wai kūpono loa no kā lākou mau noi kikoʻī.
1. Nā Kumu Hana
Hana nā mika wai electromagnetic ma muli o ke kānāwai o Faraday no ka hoʻokomo electromagnetic. Ke kahe kahi wai alakaʻi, e like me ka wai, ma o kahi kahua magnetic i hana ʻia i loko o ka mika, hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ikaika electromotive (EMF). Kūlike kēia EMF i hoʻokomo ʻia me ka wikiwiki o ke kahe ʻana o ka wai. Ana ka mika i kēia EMF me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā electrodes i kau ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka paipu kahe. Ma ke ana ʻana i ka ikaika o ke voltage i hoʻokomo ʻia, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ka wikiwiki o ka wai. No ka mea ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻāpana cross-sectional o ka paipu kahe, hiki ke helu ʻia ka nui o ke kahe ʻana o ka wai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano
Q=v×A, kahi ʻo Q ka nui o ke kahe ʻana, ʻo v ka wikiwiki, a ʻo A ka ʻāpana ʻāpana.
1.2 Nā Miki Wai Ultrasonic
ʻO nā mika wai Ultrasonic, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana i ke kumumanaʻo manawa - o - lele o nā nalu ultrasonic i loko o kahi wai. Ana lākou i ka ʻokoʻa manawa ma waena o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā hōʻailona ultrasonic ma luna a ma lalo ma o ka wai e kahe ana. Ke hoʻouna ʻia kahi nalu ultrasonic i loko o ka wai, ua hoʻopilikia ʻia kona wikiwiki hoʻolaha e ka wikiwiki o ke kahe ʻana o ka wai. Inā hoʻouna ʻia ka nalu ma ke kuhikuhi o ke kahe (i lalo), e holo wikiwiki ia, a inā hoʻouna ʻia e kūʻē i ke kahe (i luna), e holo lohi ia. Ma ke ana pololei ʻana i kēia ʻokoʻa manawa, hiki ke helu ʻia ka wikiwiki o ka wai. E like me nā mika wai electromagnetic, ke ʻike ʻia ka wikiwiki, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui o ke kahe volumetric ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wikiwiki e ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka paipu a i ʻole ke kahawai kahi e kahe ana ka wai.
2. Nā ʻano hana
2.1 Pololei
2.1.1 Nā Mita Wai Uila
Ua kaulana nā mika wai electromagnetic no ko lākou pololei kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā pae kahe waena a kiʻekiʻe. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokō i kahi pae pololei a hiki i ka 0.5% a ʻoi aku paha ma nā kūlana kūpono. ʻO kēia pololei kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ke kumumanaʻo induction electromagnetic paʻa a maopopo maikaʻi ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā mea e like me nā loli i ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic (hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā kumu magnetic waho), ka haumia ʻana o ka electrode, a i ʻole ke kau pono ʻole ʻana hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ko lākou pololei. No ka laʻana, inā uhi ʻia nā electrodes me nā waihona i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia ka EMF i ana ʻia, e alakaʻi ana i nā heluhelu kahe pololei ʻole.
Hāʻawi pū nā mika wai Ultrasonic i ka pololei maikaʻi, maʻamau ma ka pae o 1% a 2% no nā noi maʻamau. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ko lākou pololei e nā mea e like me ke alo o nā pehu ea, nā mea paʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, a i ʻole nā loli i nā waiwai acoustic o ka wai. ʻO nā pehu ea, no ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻopuehu i nā nalu ultrasonic, e hana ana i nā ana manawa lele hewa. I nā noi me ka wai maʻemaʻe a me nā kūlana kahe paʻa, hiki i nā mika wai ultrasonic ke hāʻawi i nā heluhelu hilinaʻi a pololei. I kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona holomua, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻenehana e like me ka multi-path ultrasonic sensing e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pololei ma o ka awelika ʻana i nā ana mai nā ala ultrasonic he nui i loko o ke kahe wai.
2.2 Ka Pae o ke Kahe
2.2.1 Nā Mita Wai Uila
ʻO ka maʻamau, he ākea ka laulā o ke kahe ʻana o nā mika wai electromagnetic, me kahi laulā maʻamau (ka lakio o ka nui loa i ka liʻiliʻi loa o ke kahe e hiki ke ana ʻia) he 100:1 a ʻoi aku paha. He kūpono lākou no ke ana ʻana i nā noi ʻoihana kahe kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā hale hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai nui a i ʻole nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoluʻu ʻoihana, a me nā noi noho a me nā ʻoihana kahe waena. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke kaupalena ʻia kā lākou hana ma nā kahe haʻahaʻa loa. Ma nā wikiwiki haʻahaʻa loa, hiki i ka EMF i hoʻokomo ʻia ke nāwaliwali loa e ana pololei ʻia, e alakaʻi ana i nā hewa kūpono ma ka hopena haʻahaʻa o ka pae kahe.
2.2.2 Nā Miki Wai Ultrasonic
Ua ʻike ʻia nā mika wai Ultrasonic no ko lākou hiki ke ana haʻahaʻa maikaʻi loa. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻike pinepine i nā kahe haʻahaʻa e like me 0.01 m/s a i ʻole haʻahaʻa, e kūpono loa ana no nā noi kahi e pono ai ke ana pololei ʻia nā leaka liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kahe haʻahaʻa, e like me ke ana ʻana i ka wai noho no ka ʻike ʻana i ka leaka. Hiki ke kiʻekiʻe loa ko lākou laulā, me kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona e hoʻokō ana i nā lakio o 400:1 a ʻoi aku paha. ʻO kēia laulā ākea e hiki ai iā lākou ke lawelawe i kahi ākea o nā noi, mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai home liʻiliʻi a hiki i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻolaha wai ʻoihana a me ke kūlanakauhale nui.
2.3 Ka Pohō o ke Kaomi
2.3.1Nā Mita Wai Uila
ʻO ka maʻamau, he haʻahaʻa ka pohō kaomi o nā mika wai electromagnetic. ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka paipu kahe i loko o nā mika electromagnetic he pololei pinepine a ʻaʻohe mea keakea, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ke kū'ē ʻana i ke kahe o ka wai. He mea maikaʻi kēia i nā noi kahi e koʻikoʻi ai ka mālama ʻana i kahi lako wai kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā kaʻina hana ʻoihana nui a i ʻole nā pūnaewele hoʻolaha wai ma nā wahi lōʻihi. Kōkua ka pohō haʻahaʻa i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu o nā pamu a me nā lako hana hoʻoneʻe wai ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pono ka ikehu e lanakila ai i ke kū'ē ʻana i loko o ka mika.
2.3.2 Nā Miki Wai Ultrasonic
Hōʻike pinepine nā mika wai Ultrasonic i kahi pohō haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻole pili ke kaʻina hana ana i nā mika ultrasonic i kekahi keʻakeʻa kino i loko o ke ala kahe, ʻoiai ua kau pinepine ʻia nā mea ʻike ultrasonic ma waho o ka paipu a i ʻole ke kahawai kahe. Hōʻoia kēia ʻano ana ʻaʻole komo ʻole ʻaʻole i keakea nui ʻia ke kahe o ka wai, e hopena ana i ka emi iki o ke kaomi ma waena o ka mika. E like me nā mika electromagnetic, ʻo kēia ʻano e kūpono ai nā mika wai ultrasonic no nā noi kahi e koʻikoʻi ai ka mālama ʻana i ke kaomi.
2.4 Ka Manawa Pane
2.4.1 Nā Mikina Wai Uila
He wikiwiki ka manawa pane o nā mika wai electromagnetic. Ke loli ka wikiwiki o ke kahe ʻana o ka wai, loli koke ka EMF i hoʻokomo ʻia, a hiki i ka mika ke ʻike koke a hoʻopaʻa inoa i kēia loli. ʻO kēia manawa pane wikiwiki e kūpono ai lākou no nā noi kahi e pono ai ka nānā ʻana i nā loli o ke kahe ʻana i ka manawa maoli, e like me nā kaʻina hana ʻoihana kahi e pono ai ke ʻike koke ʻia a mālama ʻia nā loli koke i ke koi wai.
2.4.2 Nā Miki Wai Ultrasonic
Hāʻawi pū nā mika wai Ultrasonic i kahi manawa pane wikiwiki. ʻO ke ana ʻana o ka manawa - o - ka lele ʻana o nā nalu ultrasonic he hana wikiwiki ia, a ʻo nā loli i ka wikiwiki o ke kahe ʻana o ka wai e hōʻike koke ʻia i ka ʻokoʻa manawa i ana ʻia. ʻAe kēia i ka ʻike wikiwiki ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa o ka nui o ke kahe, he mea pono ia i nā noi e like me ka nānā ʻana i ka pūnaewele hoʻokaʻawale wai, kahi e hiki ai ke ʻike koke ʻia nā loli koke i nā ʻano hoʻohana wai.
3. Nā Manaʻo Kaiapuni a me ke Kau ʻana
3.1 Nā Koina Hoʻouka
3.1.1 Nā Mita Wai Uila
Pono nā mika wai electromagnetic i kahi nui o ka lōʻihi pololei o ka paipu ma luna a ma lalo o ka wahi e hoʻokomo ai i ka mika. ʻO kēia ke hōʻoia i ka hoʻomohala piha ʻia ʻana o ke kahe wai a like ma mua o kona komo ʻana i ka mika, he mea nui ia no ke ana pololei. ʻO ka maʻamau, ua ʻōlelo ʻia kahi lōʻihi pololei o ka paipu ma luna o 5 a 10 manawa o ke anawaena o ka paipu a me kahi lōʻihi pololei o ka paipu ma lalo o 2 a 5 manawa o ke anawaena o ka paipu. Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻokomo ʻia nā mika wai electromagnetic ma kahi kahi i ʻole ai ka hoʻopilikia magnetic waho ikaika, no ka mea hiki i kēia ke hoʻopilikia i ke kahua magnetic i loko o ka mika a hoʻopilikia i ka pololei o nā ana.
3.1.2 Nā Miki Wai Ultrasonic
ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā mika wai ultrasonic ma ke ʻano o nā koi hoʻonohonoho. ʻO ka maʻamau, koi lākou i ka lōʻihi o ka paipu pololei e like me nā mika electromagnetic. I kekahi mau hihia, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka paipu pololei ma luna o 3 mau manawa o ke anawaena o ka paipu a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi paha e lawa. ʻO kēia ka mea e maʻalahi ai ke hoʻokomo ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana paipu e kū nei kahi e kaupalena ʻia ai ka wahi no nā holo paipu pololei. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻokomo ʻia nā mika wai ultrasonic ma kahi kahi i laumania ai ka paia o ka paipu a ʻaʻohe ona pala nui a i ʻole ka hōʻiliʻili unahi, no ka mea hiki i kēia mau mea ke hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻoili ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā nalu ultrasonic.
3.2 Nā ʻIke Pilikino o ke Kaiapuni
3.2.1 Nā Mita Wai Uila
He ʻike koʻikoʻi nā mika wai electromagnetic i ke alakaʻi uila o ka wai. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia lākou e ana i ke kahe o nā wai alakaʻi, a inā he haʻahaʻa loa ka conductivity uila o ka wai (e like me ke ʻano o ka wai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe nui ʻia), hiki i ka EMF i hoʻokomo ʻia ke nāwaliwali loa e ana pololei ʻia. Eia kekahi, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, hiki i nā kahua magnetic waho ke hoʻopilikia i ka hana o nā mika wai electromagnetic. I nā wahi ʻoihana me nā motika uila nui, nā mea hoʻololi, a i ʻole nā kumu ʻē aʻe o nā kahua magnetic ikaika, pono paha ka pale kūikawā a i ʻole ke kūlana kūpono o ka mika e hōʻoia i ke ana pololei.
3.2.2 Nā Mikina Wai Ultrasonic
He ʻike koʻikoʻi nā mika wai Ultrasonic i ke alo o nā pehu ea, nā mea paʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, a me nā loli i nā waiwai acoustic o ka wai. Hiki i nā pehu ea ke hoʻopuehu i nā nalu ultrasonic, e alakaʻi ana i nā ana lele manawa pololei ʻole. Hiki i nā mea paʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, ʻoiai inā he nui a i ʻole ma nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe, ke hoʻopilikia i ka laha ʻana o nā nalu ultrasonic. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā loli i ka mahana, ka paʻakai, a i ʻole ka viscosity o ka wai ke hoʻololi i kona mau waiwai acoustic, kahi e pono ai nā hoʻoponopono calibration i kekahi mau hihia e mālama i ke ana pololei.
4. Nā Manaʻo Kumukūʻai
4.1 Kumukūʻai mua
4.1.1Nā Mita Wai Uila
ʻO ka maʻamau, he kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai mua o nā mika wai electromagnetic. ʻO kēia ma muli o ke kaʻina hana paʻakikī e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana hana kahua magnetic, nā electrodes i hana pololei ʻia, a me nā mea uila akamai e pono ai no ke ana ʻana i ka EMF i hoʻokomo ʻia. ʻO nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i kā lākou kūkulu ʻana, ʻoiai nā mea no ke kaapuni magnetic a me ka uhi ʻana o ka paipu kahe (e hōʻoia i ka insulation uila), e kōkua pū ana i ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.
4.1.2 Nā Miki Wai Ultrasonic
ʻO ke kumukūʻai mua o nā mika wai Ultrasonic he kiʻekiʻe loa ia, ʻoiai hiki ke emi iki ma mua o nā mika electromagnetic, ma muli o ke kumu hoʻohālike a me ka mea hana. Hoʻokele nui ʻia ke kumukūʻai e nā transducers ultrasonic kiʻekiʻe, nā mea uila hana hōʻailona holomua, a me ka pono no ka calibration pololei i ka wā o ka hana ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā e oʻo ai ka ʻenehana a komo mai nā hoʻokele waiwai o ka unahi, ua emi mālie ke kumukūʻai o nā mika wai ultrasonic.
4.2 Kumukūʻai Mālama
4.2.1 Nā Mita Wai Uila
ʻO ke kumukūʻai mālama o nā mika wai electromagnetic he haʻahaʻa iki. ʻO nā hana mālama nui e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana i nā electrodes i kēlā me kēia manawa e pale aku i ka haumia, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka pololei o nā ana. I kekahi mau hihia, inā hōʻike nā ʻāpana hana kahua magnetic i nā hōʻailona o ka ʻaʻahu a inā he mau pilikia me nā mea uila, pono paha ka mālama hohonu a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻāpana. Eia nō naʻe, no ka mea ʻaʻohe ʻāpana neʻe i ka ʻāpana ana, ʻaʻole kaumaha loa nā koi mālama holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka maʻamau, he haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai mālama o nā mika wai ultrasonic. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe ʻāpana e neʻe ana a he paʻa mau nā transducers ultrasonic, ʻo ka hana mālama nui ka nānā pinepine ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka hōʻino ʻana i nā transducers a i ʻole nā mea uila hana hōʻailona. I nā noi kahi i loaʻa ai ka wai i ka nui o nā mea paʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia a i ʻole kahi e loaʻa ai ka pilikia o ka haumia o ka transducer, pono paha ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine ʻana i nā ʻili transducer. Akā ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kekahi mau ʻano mika wai ʻē aʻe, pono nā mika wai ultrasonic i ka mālama pinepine ʻole a me ke kumukūʻai liʻiliʻi.
5. Nā noi
5.1 Nā Mita Wai Uila Malemake
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mika wai electromagnetic i nā noi ʻoihana kahi e koʻikoʻi ai ke ana pololei ʻana o nā kahe kiʻekiʻe o nā wai conductive. Hoʻokomo pū kēia me nā ʻoihana e like me ka hana kemika, ka hana mana (no ke ana ʻana i ka wai hoʻoluʻu), a me ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai a me ka mea inu. Ma nā ʻāpana mālama wai a me ka wai ʻino, hoʻohana ʻia nā mika wai electromagnetic e ana i ke kahe o ka wai maka, ka wai i mālama ʻia, a me ka wai ʻino. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou i nā hale kalepa nui a me nā hale noho no ka bila pololei ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai.
Loaʻa i nā mika wai Ultrasonic nā noi nui i ke ana ʻana i ka wai noho, ʻoiai kahi e kau ai ke kiko ma ke ana pololei ʻana o nā kahe haʻahaʻa a me ka ʻike ʻana i ka leaka. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoinu wai mahiʻai, kahi e loaʻa ai i ka wai nā haumia e like me ke one a me ka silt, a ʻo ke ʻano ana ʻole o nā mika ultrasonic e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā pilikia e pili ana i ka clogging a i ʻole ka hōʻino ʻia mai kēia mau haumia. Eia kekahi, kūpono nā mika wai ultrasonic no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pūnaewele hoʻolaha wai no ka nānā ʻana i ke kahe ma nā wahi like ʻole, me nā wahi me nā hoʻolālā paipu paʻakikī kahi e pono ai nā koi hoʻonohonoho maʻalahi o nā mika ultrasonic.
I ka hopena, hāʻawi nā mika wai electromagnetic a me ultrasonic i nā pono kūikawā a he mau wahi hoʻohana ponoʻī ko lākou. ʻO ke koho ma waena o nā mea ʻelua e pili ana i nā mea like ʻole e like me nā koi kikoʻī o ka noi, nā ʻano o ka wai e ana ʻia ana, ke kaiapuni hoʻonohonoho, a me nā noʻonoʻo kumukūʻai-pōmaikaʻi. Ma ka loiloi pono ʻana i kēia mau ʻokoʻa, hiki i nā mea hoʻohana ke koho i ka ʻenehana ana wai kūpono loa e hoʻokō i kā lākou mau pono no ka wai pololei, hilinaʻi, a me ke kumukūʻai-kūpono.ana ʻana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-05-2025